Kathiravan Purmal

Cephalometrics: Essential for Orthodontic and Orthognathic Case Diagnosis. Kathiravan Purmal

In orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, a cephalometric radiograph is an essential tool to relate patients with different malocclusions to their associated norms. The treatment goal for any patient that requires combined orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery are determined systematically through cephalometrics. The content of this article will largely focus on cephalometric history, radiographic cephalometric technique, cephalometric analysis, cephalometric studies of different analysis, norms in various races, sample studied in other population, limitation of cephalometrics and misuses of cephalometric analysis.