Samir Anwar Al-Gamal

Remarkable Applications in Isotope Hydrology Samir Anwar Al-Gamal

This handbook is intended to confirm the necessity of applying in: Fretwell's Law: by which, Stable isotope data may cause severe and contagious stomach upset if taken alone. To prevent upsetting reviewers' stomachs and your own, take stable isotope data with a healthy dose of other hydrologic, geologic, and geochemical information. Then, you will find stable isotope data very beneficial. The main reason that render the use of the treated isotopic data illegal, incomparable and have thus lost some of its power as an effective tool is in the ignorance of both time and space variation in treating isotopic data. Accordingly, for any quantitative application of the stable isotopes labeling of waters a geo-hydrological tool, it is necessary to establish how well the isotopic composition of a groundwater source is defined in a supposedly homogenous geographic setting. Both time and space variations were not considered in most of isotopic data of major aquifer system.